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Heterogeneity in economics
In economic theory and econometrics, the term heterogeneity refers to differences across the units being studied. For example, a macroeconomic model in which consumers are assumed to differ from one another is said to have heterogeneous agents, which is contrasted with the case of a representative agent model in which all consumers are assumed to be identical.
==Unobserved heterogeneity in econometrics==
In econometrics, statistical inferences may be erroneous if, in addition to the observed variables under study, there exist other relevant variables that are unobserved, but correlated with the observed variables.〔M. Arellano (2003), ''Panel Data Econometrics'', Chapter 2, 'Unobserved heterogeneity', pp. 7-31. Oxford University Press.〕
Methods for obtaining valid statistical inferences in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity include the instrumental variables method; multilevel models, including fixed effects and random effects models; and the Heckman correction for selection bias.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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